Photoelectric smoke detectors are generally considered better at detecting smoldering fires, which are characterized by large smoke particles and can smolder for hours before igniting. They are also less susceptible to annoying alarms caused by cooking smoke or steam. However, ionization detectors are faster at detecting flames. According to the U.S. Fire Administration, for the best protection, it is recommended to install both types of smoke detectors in your home, or use dual-sensor smoke detectors that combine both technologies.
Here is a more detailed explanation put together for you by Anka Security:
Photoelectric smoke detectors:
These detectors use a light beam and a sensor. When smoke enters the chamber, it scatters the light, which triggers the sensor and activates the alarm. They are particularly effective at detecting smoldering fires that may produce large smoke particles.
Ionization smoke detectors:
These detectors use a small amount of radioactive material to ionize the air, which creates an electrical current. When smoke enters, it disrupts the ionization and reduces the current, which triggers the alarm. They are generally faster at detecting burning fires, which tend to produce smaller smoke particles.
Dual-sensor smoke detectors:
These detectors combine photoelectric and ionization sensors in a single unit to provide comprehensive fire protection.
Nuisance Alarms:
Photoelectric detectors are less susceptible to nuisance alarms from cooking fumes or steam, which can be a common problem with ionization detectors.
Early Detection:
Photoelectric detectors can detect smoldering fires earlier, giving occupants more time to escape.
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