Mains powered smoke alarms, also called hardwired smoke alarms, connect directly to your home’s electrical system. You can identify one by looking for a green LED light on the alarm, indicating that it is receiving AC Mains powered smoke alarms. Additionally, Mains powered smoke alarms are usually larger and may have a mounting plate to which the wires are connected.
Here is a more detailed explanation from anka security:

Green LED indicator:

The most common indicator is a green LED light on the alarm. This indicates that the alarm is receiving power from the mains.

Size and mounting:

Mains powered smoke alarms are usually larger than battery-powered alarms and are usually mounted with a mounting plate to which the wires are connected.

Battery backup:

Many mains powered smoke alarms also have a battery backup that activates in the event of a power outage.

Testing a smoke detector:

To confirm that the alarm is working, press the test button. This is the recommended method for all smoke alarms, regardless of the power source.

In case of doubt:

If you are unsure, you can also try turning off the circuit breaker that powers the alarm. If the alarm sounds, it is most likely battery-powered, and if it does not, it is probably mains-powered.

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